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Misinformation about Closing paragraph refers to false or misleading information that is shared unknowingly and is not intended to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm on a person, social group, organisation or country.

Contextual deception about Closing paragraph refers to the use of true but not necessarily related information to frame an event, issue or individual (e.g. a headline that does not match the corresponding article), or the misrepresentation of facts to support one’s narrative (e.g. to deliberately delete information that is essential context to understanding the original meaning). The way in which facts are used is disingenuous and with the intent to manipulate people or cause harm.

Disinformation about Closing paragraph refers to verifiably false or misleading information that is knowingly and intentionally created and shared for economic gain or to deliberately deceive, manipulate or inflict harm.

Fake news about Closing paragraph refers to false information that is purposefully crafted, sensational, emotionally charged, misleading or totally fabricated information that mimics the form of mainstream news. Fake news can be wholly fabricated or a mix of fact and fiction.

Propaganda about Closing paragraph refers to the activity or content adopted and propagated by governments, private firms, non-profits, and individuals to manage collective attitudes, values, narratives, and opinions.

Satire about Closing paragraph is defined as language, film or other works of art that use humor and exaggeration to critique people or ideas, often as a form of social or political commentary.

Lesher, M., H. Pawelec and A. Desai (2022), "Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop them", Going Digital Toolkit Note, No. 23 (OECD).

Select a continent's tab for country ISO 3166 codes to localize the Closing paragraph coding hashtag!

Visit #WWlgu codes for local news incl. progress on climate change (#SDG13) for local government unit (lgu) localization.

Discover global instrument articles that deal with a topic via the Tag cloud with terms in articles of international instruments:

Look up the sustainable development target for a topic via the Tag cloud for sustainable development targets

With a #tagcoding hashtag per article, anyone can tag content relevant to its status and implementation, and share it via social media as explained in the #tagcoding Handbook or the video #tags in support of easy information retrieval (YouTube).

• Global Resources - #isic9900
  • #2030Agenda for Sustainable Development - #SDGs
  • Addis Ababa Action Agenda - #a4a2030 - #pi9
  • Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation
  • Common Minimum Standards for Multi-Stakeholder Engagement in the UN Development Assistance Framework
  • Common Principles
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • Co-operative Principles
  • DAC 5 and CRS Purpose Codes (OECD DAC)
  • Draft governing instrument for the Green Climate Fund
  • Future We Want
  • G20 Cannes Summit Final Declaration: “Building our Common Future: Renewed Collective Action for the Benefit of All"
  • G8 Open Data Charter
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - #iccpr
  • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - #icescr
  • International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - #pgrfa
  • ISO 26000 - Guidance on social responsibility
  • ISO Standards development
  • Istanbul Principles
  • Leaving No One Behind (#LNOB) Guidelines
  • Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office
  • New Urban Agenda - #nua2030
  • Open Standards Principles
  • Paris Agreement on Climate Change - #pacc
  • Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
  • Principles for engaging with plural legal orders
  • Principles for Responsible Investment
  • Principles of democracy
  • Principles of Doing Development Differently - #pddd
  • Principles of Innovation (Principles for Digital Development)
  • Rio Principles
  • Technology Facilitation Mechanism
  • Technology Mechanism (UNFCCC)
  • The 10 Fragile States Principles
  • The Grand Bargain - A Shared Commitment to Better Serve People in Need - #tgb
  • United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention
  • United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework - #unsdcf
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights - #udhr

The backlinks below usually do not include the child and sibling items, nor the pages in the breadcrumbs.

Istanbul Principles

• 1. Respect and promote human rights and social justice
• 2. Embody gender equality and equity while promoting women and girls’ rights
• 3. Focus on people’s empowerment, democratic ownership and participation
• 4. Promote Environmental Sustainability
• 5. Practice transparency and accountability
• 6. Pursue equitable partnerships and solidarity
• 7. Create and share knowledge and commit to mutual learning
• 8. Commit to realizing positive sustainable change
• Closing paragraph
• #ifcde0 - Preamble